It clarifies current issues and provides foresight for better decision-making by everyone. This new workforce composed of individuals situated in multiple and changing career patterns will cause organizations and individuals to respond and behave differently as each adjust to the new reality.
Recently researchers have advocated multiple career concepts Greenhause and Callonon, They make distinctions among these four career patterns. These are discussed below:. A traditional lincar career is one that emphasizes upward mobility. For example, Nadia joins as a lecturer and finally moves to be a professor An expert career focuses on stability in a specially area.
It focuses on building skill and knowledge within an occupation or field secondary traditional view of carcer A doctor has been providing medical services for 20 years and he is becoming an expert in his areas. The spiral career path allows the employee to make a series of lateral moves between different functional areas within the same organization.
It allows people in human resource jobs to retain talent by continuously challenging employees with new tasks and broadening their expertise. In a spiral career major career shifts occur periodically, perhaps every 5 to 10 years. One joins as an Assistant commissioner of tax and then shifts to administrative service.
A transitory career is one, which is characterized by changes in carcer. On average, employees in the USA experience five to seven employers before they go for retirement. The four career patterns can be described as follows:. Career Pattern Pattern description Key personal motivators. Linear More or less vertical movement up Power achievement and external an organizational hierarchy to rewards positions of greater responsibility primary traditional view of career Expert Focus on building skill and knowledge Competence, status and stability within an occupation or field secondary traditional view of career Spiral Periodic moves across related Creativity and personal growth occupations or fields with sufficient time in each years to achieve a high level of competence before progressing on Transitory Frequent years moves across Variety and independence different occupations or fields.
Career is often confused with job. A job is something employees do simply to earn money, a career is a series of connected employment opportunities.
A job has minimal impact on employee's future work life, while a career provides experience and learning to fuel employee's future. A job offers few networking opportunities, but a career is loaded with them. Experts differentiate between a career and a job. A person usually holds several jobs in their career. It is usually easier to change jobs the same field of work that defines one's career. However, switching careers is more difficult and may require the person to start at the bottom of the ladder in the new career.
According to Greehause , a career is a perceived sequence of attitudes and behaviors associated with work-related experiences and activities over the span of the person's is what slife Whereas a job t a person does at work to bring home a paycheck, a career is being engaged in a satisfying and productive activity. Thus a career involves a long term view of series of jobs and I work experiences. For some people their jobs are part careful plan. For others, their career is simply a matter of luck.
Merely planning a career does not guarantee career success. Superior performance, experience, education, and some occupational luck play an important role. When people rely largely on luck, however, they seldom are prepared for career opportunities that arise.
Successful people identify their career goals, plan, and then take action. To put it another way, successful carcers are managed through proper and careful career planning. People who fail to plan their careers may do so because they think that their company or their boss will assume that responsibility.
Or perhaps they are unaware of the basic career planning concepts. Without an understanding of career goals and career paths, planning is unlikely. A career path is the sequential pattern of jobs that forms one's career Career goals are the future positions one strives to reach as part of a career.
Comparison between job and career is shown below:. Topics Career Job. Definition A career is the pursuit of a lifelong Job is an activity through which an ambition or the general course of individual can carn money. It is a progression towards lifelong goals. Risk taking A career may not mean stability of A job is "safe", as stability of work work as it encourages one to take and income is there.
However risks. The risks are often internal and shifting priorities, especially in therefore planned resource jobs, can abruptly change the demand and require relocation which is an unstable factor. Risks may be completely external. More likely to be or to some other entity. Non- wage monetary benefits may be higher. Salary is more common.
Career management is the process by which organizational career planning is implemented as shown in Table 1. Top management support is needed to establish a climate that fosters career development. Efforts by the HR department to encourage career development have little impact unless supported by managers.
Commitment by top management is crucial. Without it, middle level managers may show much less support of their subordinates' career planning concerns. All human resource activities within the organization must be coordinated and human resource managers from various areas should be involved at least as consultants.
Many people do not have proper skills to manage their skills properly. Career management is a problem solving and decision-making process, Greenhaus and Callanan have identified four indicators of effective career management. They suggest that effective career management requires:. Providing an individual with follow-up tactics to ensure that his objectives are in line his career goals.
A model is a picture or representation of reality Dublin It is the abstraction of reality. It is a standard or example for imitation or comparison. It contains a set of variables that are related to each other in a specified manner so that we can better understand some piece of the world.
Career management model describes how people should manage their careers. Career management model consist of few important components. The important components of career management model are depicted below:. One should aware of his own talent, interest, values, the importance of work in is total life. Career exploration promotes awareness.
Most people do not know themselves. They may overestimate strengths in certain areas and judge themselves to be more talented than they really are. There are two types of career exploration- self exploration and environmental exploration Career exploration should enable an individual to become more fully aware of himself and his environment. Self-exploration can provide a greater awareness of personal qualities.
A person ought to gain insight, for example, into his values, interests, and talents in both his work and non-work lives. He should become more aware of job options and their requirements of opportunities and obstacles in the environment. People may come to possess a deep understanding of the activities they like or dislike, the challenge they want from their jobs. Self-exploration provides information about strengths, weaknesses, talents and limitations Self-exploration can provide a better understanding of the balance of work, family and leisure activities that best suit a preferred life style.
Self-awareness or self-assessment involves identifying and understanding your interests, skills,. There's a big difference e between getting a job and pursuing a career you love. Research has shown that individuals who choose careers that are closely aligned with their interests, skills and values tend to be more satisfied in their jobs and enjoy greater career success.
The self-assessment process is important, not only in pursuing your first internship or job after college, but throughout your life as you move forward in your career. It helps a person learn more about some aspects of environment. Environmental exploration includes: types of occupation, types of industries, necessary skills, and job alternatives within a given organization or alternative future jobs, experience needed to move from current line position to a staff position, company alternatives and impact of family on career decisions.
There are many beneficial effects of career exploration on career management: a enhanced awareness of self and environment, b more aware of yourself and chosen carcer, c helps to develop occupational goals, d helps people develop more extensive career strategies and perform more effectively in job-interview situations, e more aware of themselves and world of work.
Exploration increases awareness, Awareness is a relatively complete and accurate perception of a person's own qualities and characteristics of his relevant environment Greenhaus and Callanan, Awareness is a central concept in career development.
A trough awareness of self and environment allows a person to set right career goals and strategies. People set career goals to maintain motivation, have something to look forward to and achieve success. Effective career goals follow the S. T model. That is, they are specific, measurable, achievable, and realistic and have a time line.
A greater awareness of self and environment can help the individual choose a career goal to pursue. A career goal is a desired career-related outcome that a person intends to attain. The goal may be to attain the position of assistant plant manager in a specified period of time, to move into a project engineering position. Career goal must be specific and. The career goal of a person is to receive quick promotion. Career goals involving a promotion require careful planning and execution.
A strategy is a plan chosen to bring about a desired future, such as achievement of a goal or solution to a problem. A career strategy is a sequence of activities designed to help an individual attain a career goal. A career strategy is a structured approach to developing capabilities, tools and resources in an organization, which will enable people to navigate their career journey' successfully. Strategy implementation put simply is the process that puts plans and strategies into action to reach goals.
The implementation of a reasonable strategy can produce progress toward the stated career goal. It is important that you give priority and time to implementing your career action plan, to ensure you achieve your desired outcomes and commit to a lifelong learning strategy to stay employable. Feedback is response towards the sender about a message. The implementation of a career strategy can provide useful feedback to the person.
This feedback can enable the person to appraise his career. Great supervisors know that motivating employees is about more than charisma and vision. To help employees perform their best, a great manager will provide feedback the right kind, at the right time. When you become a master feedback, both positive and negative, you help your employees develop their skills and f delivering effective maximize their performance.
Whether or not a person is making progress toward a goal, the implementation of a career strategy can provide useful feedback to the person. This feedback, in conjunction with feedback from other work and non-work sources, can allow a person to appraise his or her career. Career appraisal is the process by which people acquire and use career related feedback to determine whether their goals and strategies are appropriate.
The career management cycle is a problem solving process. It is also known as decision making process. It is essential to gather information so that individuals can become aware of themselves and the world around them. Goals are established, plans are developed and implemented, and feedback is obtained to provide more information for ongoing career management. Career planning can help a person maximize his chances of securing one of the many opportunities out there.
Even if the job he wants is not advertised or you don't even know what it is yet , a career plan is the most useful way to determine what he is after and to go about securing it. Career planning is the process of one's life work and involves evaluating abilities and interests, considering alternative career opportunities, establishing career goals, and planning practical development.
Organization has a vested interest in the careers of their members and career planning and development programs help them to enhance employees' job performance and thus the overall effectiveness of the organization. The main features of career planning are: a Know thyself.
The first stage in any career plan is to increase your self-awareness. Identifying your strengths and weaknesses and likes and dislikes, will help you narrow down the type of work you might enjoy. By using a career planning tool like me? Psychometric tests and personality questionnaires are another useful way of building up a personal profile and identifying your interests and working style.
Once employees have built up a more detailed picture of themselves, the next stage is to see how this relates to the career opportunities out there. They might start by looking at the range of options with their subject.
They can also take a look at job sectors to find out more about the job market and careers on offer in different industries. Career planning is a process involving few steps.
These steps help a person in planning his career and deciding about his future. The process of career planning is also known as career development stages. The main steps are below:. Self-assessment is a process that helps an individual in assessing his skills, potential, strengths and ability to fulfill his aims.
As the name of the step suggest, a person assesses himself and then based on his analyses and keeping his strengths and weaknesses in mind he will draft future plan. By drafting future plan we mean that executing this step helps the persons to finalize the profession and career path he wants to choose. Once an individual have list down the careers that are favorable in his case and the skills and improvements that are required in order to achieve excellence the third step requires him to do an intensive research and see that what that are findings related to career options and the skills that are required to make him champion in that.
He will ask the following questions:. Come up with Action Form. Once an individual has researched the feasibility of the factors that he has finalized in above steps, the next step is to show some action and translate his plans on a piece of page. This step requires him to make plan as in how he is going to achieve and fulfill the steps he has decided above. The best way to come with an action plan is to come up with small goals for oneself Once these small goals are achieved, we can see that how much close we are to our main aim and major goal.
This small step acts as a path way to the main aim. In order to design a suitable career development program it is necessary to understand the different career stages or development cycles of an individual employee. Actual stages differ from person to person due to differences in perceived internal career. Career can be analyzed in terms of stages. Progression from beginning point through growth and decline phases to a termination point is typically a natural occurrence in one's work life.
The stages career may be grouped under the following five categories:. It occurs prior to employment. It is a time when a number of expectations about one's career are developed. The early year is a time when the individual first becomes aware of the future. People start to find ways to develop competencies and to achieve in order to increase control over their life. College internships are an excellent exploration tool. Individuals are given opportunity to see their future co-workers firsthand and to do a real job.
Internship may lead to job offer. Exploration is preparation for work. Our t career choices are affected by advices and examples of our relatives, teachers, friends, coaches.
They all provide us certain directions. It is a stage in which one begins to search for work. It is essential to gather information so that individuals can become aware of themselves and the world around them. Goals are established, plans are developed and implemented, and feedback is obtained to provide more information for ongoing career management. Career planning can help a person maximize his chances of securing one of the many opportunities out there.
Even if the job he wants is not advertised or you don't even know what it is yet , a career plan is the most useful way to determine what he is after and to go about securing it. Career planning is the process of one's life work and involves evaluating abilities and interests, considering alternative career opportunities, establishing career goals, and planning practical development. Organization has a vested interest in the careers of their members and career planning and development programs help them to enhance employees' job performance and thus the overall effectiveness of the organization.
The main features of career planning are: a Know thyself. The first stage in any career plan is to increase your self-awareness. Identifying your strengths and weaknesses and likes and dislikes, will help you narrow down the type of work you might enjoy. By using a career planning tool like me? Psychometric tests and personality questionnaires are another useful way of building up a personal profile and identifying your interests and working style.
Once employees have built up a more detailed picture of themselves, the next stage is to see how this relates to the career opportunities out there. They might start by looking at the range of options with their subject. They can also take a look at job sectors to find out more about the job market and careers on offer in different industries.
Career planning is a process involving few steps. These steps help a person in planning his career and deciding about his future.
The process of career planning is also known as career development stages. The main steps are below:. Self-assessment is a process that helps an individual in assessing his skills, potential, strengths and ability to fulfill his aims.
As the name of the step suggest, a person assesses himself and then based on his analyses and keeping his strengths and weaknesses in mind he will draft future plan. By drafting future plan we mean that executing this step helps the persons to finalize the profession and career path he wants to choose. Once an individual have list down the careers that are favorable in his case and the skills and improvements that are required in order to achieve excellence the third step requires him to do an intensive research and see that what that are findings related to career options and the skills that are required to make him champion in that.
He will ask the following questions:. Come up with Action Form. Once an individual has researched the feasibility of the factors that he has finalized in above steps, the next step is to show some action and translate his plans on a piece of page. This step requires him to make plan as in how he is going to achieve and fulfill the steps he has decided above. The best way to come with an action plan is to come up with small goals for oneself Once these small goals are achieved, we can see that how much close we are to our main aim and major goal.
This small step acts as a path way to the main aim. In order to design a suitable career development program it is necessary to understand the different career stages or development cycles of an individual employee. Actual stages differ from person to person due to differences in perceived internal career. Career can be analyzed in terms of stages. Progression from beginning point through growth and decline phases to a termination point is typically a natural occurrence in one's work life.
The stages career may be grouped under the following five categories:. It occurs prior to employment. It is a time when a number of expectations about one's career are developed.
The early year is a time when the individual first becomes aware of the future. People start to find ways to develop competencies and to achieve in order to increase control over their life. College internships are an excellent exploration tool. Individuals are given opportunity to see their future co-workers firsthand and to do a real job. Internship may lead to job offer. Exploration is preparation for work. Our t career choices are affected by advices and examples of our relatives, teachers, friends, coaches.
They all provide us certain directions. It is a stage in which one begins to search for work. It includes getting one's first job. It is acceptance of a job. After a new entrant chooses his career from different given alternatives, he needs to be provided with regular feedback on his performance. Such feedback helps the new employee to understand the effectiveness of his performance and at the same time, he can initiate required collective action to overcome his deficiencies.
Employee is inducted and orientation. It begins with uncertainties and anxieties and is dominated by two problems: finding a niche and making your mark.
Finding the right jobs take time for many of us. It is a career stage marked by a continuous improvement in performance, leveling off in performance, or beginning of deterioration of performance. In mid-career, an employee generally enters a period of maximum productivity. Career-development programs exist in high schools, colleges and businesses. The goal of career-development programs is to help job seekers identify their career objectives.
A development program also spells out the actions or activities they will do to meet your objectives. In the workplace, a career-development program may involve mentoring, shadowing and special assignments. A special assignment is short-term and involves taking on advanced or additional responsibilities. Despite the best-laid-out plans, no one is able to guarantee a successful outcome. Greehause states uncertainty as a disadvantage of any career-development plan. One may choose to get a degree in accounting but find out after graduation that the job doesn't satisfy him.
The job market may change drastically before one graduate. A person may not be able to find a position in his chosen field. Some people find themselves in carcers that are unrelated to their degree or plan due a poor labor market.
Putting together a career-development plan and sticking to it may limit one's choices. Many career goals have more than one solution. For example, some employers hire only computer support specialists who have a bachelor's degree. The formal-education route gives you conceptual knowledge from day one and opens up doors to advanced positions that require a degree. Chapter 10 Career Planning and Development Page 8. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search.
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Flag for inappropriate content. CH 10 Career Planning and Development. Related titles. Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Jump to Page. Search inside document. Career Patterns It is important to understand career patterns for managers needing access to the best available talent and for individuals seeking the best fit of their skills and aspirations with the shifting patterns of work.
These are discussed below: A traditional lincar career is one that emphasizes upward mobility. The four career patterns can be described as follows: Career Pattern Pattern description Key personal motivators Linear More or less vertical movement up Power achievement and external an organizational hierarchy to rewards positions of greater responsibility primary traditional view of career Expert Focus on building skill and knowledge Competence, status and stability within an occupation or field secondary traditional view of career Spiral Periodic moves across related Creativity and personal growth occupations or fields with sufficient time in each years to achieve a high level of competence before progressing on Transitory Frequent years moves across Variety and independence different occupations or fields 3.
Career vs Job Career is often confused with job. Comparison between job and career is shown below: Topics Career Job Definition A career is the pursuit of a lifelong Job is an activity through which an ambition or the general course of individual can carn money.
Risks may be completely external Time Long term Short term Income Varies depending on value to society Varies by demand. Management Career management is the process by which organizational career planning is implemented as shown in Table 1. Indicators of Effective Career Management Many people do not have proper skills to manage their skills properly. Benefits of Career Management Career management services are beneficial for both the organization and the individual.
Career management services increase employees motivation and engagement towards their employer. Identifying your skills, interests and career objectives Offering you an opportunity to explore new work possibilities Developing a personalized career action plan Providing an individual with follow-up tactics to ensure that his objectives are in line his career goals 7.
Career Management Model A model is a picture or representation of reality Dublin Self-exploration Self-exploration can provide a greater awareness of personal qualities. Self-awareness or self-assessment involves identifying and understanding your interests, skills, Self-awareness or self-assessment and values as a foundation for career decision making, planning and action Assessing and understanding your interests, skills and values is the first step in identifying the career path that is right for you.
Environmental exploration It helps a person learn more about some aspects of environment. B Awareness Exploration increases awareness, Awareness is a relatively complete and accurate perception of a person's own qualities and characteristics of his relevant environment Greenhaus and Callanan, C Goal setting People set career goals to maintain motivation, have something to look forward to and achieve success.
D Strategy development A strategy is a plan chosen to bring about a desired future, such as achievement of a goal or solution to a problem. E Strategy implementation Strategy implementation put simply is the process that puts plans and strategies into action to reach goals.
F Feedback Feedback is response towards the sender about a message. G Career appraisal Whether or not a person is making progress toward a goal, the implementation of a career strategy can provide useful feedback to the person.
Career appraisal is the process by which people acquire and use career related feedback to determine whether their goals and strategies are appropriate Conclusion The career management cycle is a problem solving process.
Career Planning Career planning can help a person maximize his chances of securing one of the many opportunities out there. The first stage in any career plan is to increase your self-awareness Identifying your strengths and weaknesses and likes and dislikes, will help you narrow down the type of work you might enjoy.
Career planning Process Career planning is a process involving few steps. The main steps are below: Self-Assessment Self-assessment is a process that helps an individual in assessing his skills, potential, strengths and ability to fulfill his aims. A Thorough Research Self Development Once an individual have list down the careers that are favorable in his case and the skills and improvements that are required in order to achieve excellence the third step requires him to do an intensive research and see that what that are findings related to career options and the skills that are required to make him champion in that.
Come up with Action Form Once an individual has researched the feasibility of the factors that he has finalized in above steps, the next step is to show some action and translate his plans on a piece of page. This small step acts as a path way to the main aim Career Development Stages or Cycle In order to design a suitable career development program it is necessary to understand the different career stages or development cycles of an individual employee.
Establishment It is a stage in which one begins to search for work. Mid-career It is a career stage marked by a continuous improvement in performance, leveling off in performance, or beginning of deterioration of performance. Disadvantages of Career Development Programs Career-development programs exist in high schools, colleges and businesses. Uncertainty Despite the best-laid-out plans, no one is able to guarantee a successful outcome.
Multiple Solutions Putting together a career-development plan and sticking to it may limit one's choices. Raman Rengarajan.
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